3D Coordinate System Diagram

A clear diagram illustrating a surface labeled Sigma (Σ), commonly used in multivariable calculus or physics to represent a region over which integrals are performed. The dashed line with arrows indicates an orientation or a closed boundary path, while the vertical line suggests the direction of a normal vector, essential for defining surface integrals or flux. The representation implicitly exists within a 3D coordinate system, crucial for understanding concepts like Stokes' theorem or Gauss's theorem.

surface - calculus - physics - integral - vector - sigma - orientation - boundary - 3d